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Cap and Share
Cap and Share was originally developed by Feasta (the Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability) and is a regulatory and economic framework for controlling the use of fossil fuels in relation to climate stabilisation. Accepting that climate change is a global problem and that there is a need to cap and reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally, the philosophy of Cap and Share maintains that the earth’s atmosphere is a fundamental common resource. Consequently, it is argued, each individual should get an equal share of the benefits from the limited amount of fossil fuels that will have to be burned and their emissions released into the atmosphere in the period until the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases has been stabilised at a safe level.
== Design ==
This market based mechanism was devised by Feasta in 2005 and 2006, and they have set out the case for the introduction of Cap and Share globally in policy documents.〔The Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability, 2008. (Cap and Share: A Fair Way to Cut Greenhouse Gas Emissions ). Feasta, Dublin.〕 It calls for global emissions to be capped at their current level and then brought down year by year at a rate fast enough to prevent catastrophic climate change. Each year, the emissions tonnage involved would be shared equally amongst the Earth's adult population, each of whom would receive a certificate representing their individual entitlement. The recipients would then sell their certificates through the banking system to oil, coal and gas producers who would need to acquire enough of them to cover the carbon dioxide emissions that would be emitted from all of the fossil fuel they sold. Everyone would receive at least partial compensation for the higher cost of fossil fuels that limiting their availability would necessarily involve.
Comhar, the National Sustainable Development Council of Ireland, commissioned a report on the mechanism which incorporates policy〔AEA Energy and Environment, 2008. (Cap and Share: Phase 1; Policy Options for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. ) Report to Comhar Sustainable Development Council. AEA, Didcot.〕 and economic analysis of using Cap and Share to control emissions in Ireland, particularly from the transport sector. The final report〔AEA Energy and Environment and Cambridge Econometrics, 2008. (A Study in Personal Carbon Allocation: Cap and Share ). Comhar Sustainable Development Council, Dublin.〕 was published in December 2008.
Cap and Share is partly an extension and popularisation of the Contraction and Convergence proposal developed by the Global Commons Institute, which also calls for an equal per capita distribution of emissions. Cap and Share differs in that it insists that emissions allocations should be distributed equally to individuals as their right, whereas Contraction and Convergence (C&C) allows governments to decide if this is the way they wish to share out what is, essentially, their national allocation. C&C also allows for (but does not insist on) a convergence period, during which the richer countries would receive higher per capita emissions allowances than poorer countries. Cap and Share says people in rich countries should get the same emissions entitlement as those in poor countries from the start, but suggests that in the early years of the system, a portion of everyone's emissions entitlement should be held back and distributed to governments of countries which were facing exceptional difficulties in adapting to climate change or to low levels of fossil energy use. The governments involved would sell their certificates to raise money for remedial works. For example, the government of Bangladesh might sell its allocation to pay for better defences against rising sea levels.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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